Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019

CONTENTS

The use of social media in marketing on the example of food and clothing companies
Ewa Bąk-Filipek
Summary. The study deals with a new phenomenon, which is social media, which radically changed communication, image creation as well as company promotions. The study discusses the evolution of social media and focuses on such media as blogs, social networking sites and microblogs. The significance of the social media in using them by both Polish and foreign companies was presented. the use of social media by companies and corporations significantly affects their position and competitiveness on the market. The huge range of tools available through social media allows the entrepreneurs to achieve numerous goals. They are both an effective and innovative communication tools that can visibly increase the sales of offered products by the opportunity to engage customers in co-creating the company’s offer. It is also worth noting that companies usually use different social media at the same time, which allows mutual promotion, e.g. by placing links referring Internet users to the company’s website.
Key words: social networks, Internet, blogs, microblogs, social media
JEL: M31, M37, L82
Bąk-Filipek E., The use of social media in marketing on the example of food and clothing companies, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 5–18, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.1

Logistics outsourcing in fresh vegetable and fruit sector
Saliha Çelik, Harun Uçak
Summary. In this study, logistics outsourcing practices in fresh vegetables and fruits sector are discussed with the customer firm perspective. The benefits of the companies from the logistics outsourcing process, the problems they face in the process management and the expectations and evaluations for the process are tried to be put forward with an exploratory approach. The required data were collected through surveys carried out with companies operating in the fresh vegetable and fruits sector. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has also been used to determine the criteria that are effective in selecting the service provider company, which is considered to be directly effective on the success of the outsourcing process. The research findings show that the most important obstacles to maximizing the benefits of the companies from the process are the lack of a planned structure for logistics outsourcing and the traditional management understanding of the company managers. This situation makes the logistics outsourcing process of the companies in the sector not an effective competitive strategy but rather an alternative to deal with cyclical fluctuations. For all these reasons, the expectations of the companies for the process are not fully met and the benefits from the process are realized at more limited levels.
Key words: outsourcing, logistics outsourcing, third party logistics, analytical hierarchy process
JEL: Q13, Q18
Çelik S., Uçak H., Logistics outsourcing in fresh vegetable and fruit sector, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 19–35, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.2

Effectiveness and possibilities of digital marketing: a case study of Baltic countries
Gintarė Gulevičiūtė, Margarita Išoraitė, Muhammad Sohail
Summary. This study has objective to explore the effectiveness and possibilities of digital marketing in Baltics States by analyzing selected cases of three Baltic countries – Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Conducted literature review presents the definition of digital marketing, main differences of traditional and digital marketing and the situation of this area in Baltic countries. For case analysis there had been selected Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian digital marketing firms publicly available employment data that was analyzed in the context of publicly available revenue data. Based on empirical employment data, regression analysis was done in order to establish determination coefficient and non-parametric correlation coefficients. In Lithuanian digital marketing firms there is no correlation between revenue and number of employees, in Latvian and Estonian firms the correlation is extremely strong and for digital marketing firms effectiveness and possibilities can be reached by increasing the number of employees.
Key words: digital marketing, effectiveness, case study, analysis of Baltic countries
JEL: M31, M37, D83, L86
Gulevičiūtė G., Išoraitė M., Sohail M., Effectiveness and possibilities of digital marketing: a case study of Baltic countries, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 37–45, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.3

Analysis of theories of philanthropy for university development
Laila Kundziňa, Baiba Rivža
Summary. Donations play an important role in ensuring the university development and quality of work. Based on the existing analysis of theories for fundraising, the researcher advances and evaluates three hypotheses: Successful fundraising strategies must be based on the study of the external and internal environment and the interaction quality thereof; The portfolio of universities’ needs must be structured, and complemented by university success stories and descriptions of the use of existing support; Existing donors must feel permanent but unobtrusive communication of appreciation from university leadership and management. All three hypotheses are confirmed.
Key words: philanthropy, university, fundraising, donations, strategy
JEL: A10, A20, B10
Kundziňa L., Rivža B., Analysis of theories of philanthropy for university development, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 47–54, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.4

Administrative and financial decentralization as a factor of strategic development of territorial communities in Ukraine
Anastasiia Movchaniuk, Іvanna Chukina
Summary. The current state of decentralization reform implementation in Ukraine has been highlighted. The necessary assurance of the decentralization process based on the principles of administrative and financial decentralization has been identified. The key aspects of the reform are the creation of conditions for socioeconomic development of the administrative- -territorial structure of the state. The main ways of development of territorial communities, their economic and financial status strengthening have been determined on the basis of the conducted research. The complex of tasks which are dependent on territorial community capacity functioning has been analyzed. It has been established that the efficiency of forming and utilizing the financial and economic potential of a territorial community is a prerequisite for ensuring its capacity. Conclusions have been made on the necessity of further implementation of decentralization in Ukraine in order to ensure the strengthening of the institutional and resource capacity of territorial communities, and to introduce strategic planning for their development.
Key words: decentralization, administrative-territorial structure, capable territorial community, financial decentralization, resources
JEL: H73, O18, R11
Movchaniuk A., Chukina I., Administrative and financial decentralization as a factor of strategic development of territorial communities in Ukraine, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 55–66, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.5

Intergenerational private transfers in the system of factors of population’s migration activity
Olha Ryndzak
Summary. The paper develops certain theoretical and methodological foundations of the research of intergenerational private transfers. In particular, it provides extended and more complex classification of transfers, dividing transfers into instrumental and socio-humanitarian and outlining the content details for each group. Moreover, not only positive (e.g. money, material assets), but also negative transfers (e.g. debts) that can be transmitted from one generation to the other are suggested to be taken into account. The author has developed the scheme of possible impact of material and instrumental transfers on the acceptors, their situation and migration activities, which shows the ambiguity of such links. Conducting of representative sociological surveys will contribute to more distinct establishment of dominating impact of intergenerational private transfers on migration activity of population.
Key words: generation, family, parents, children, intergenerational links, intergenerational private transfers, migration activity, migration attitudes
JEL: J61, D10
Ryndzak O., Intergenerational private transfers in the system of factors of population’s migration activity, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 67–77, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.6

Consumer satisfaction in the place marketing
Ágnes Urbánné Treutz
Summary. The consumer satisfaction is under perspicacious examination, where the basic models will be presented in connection with consumer satisfaction. The study will also touch on the satisfaction models in the place marketing. One important target group of the place marketing is the local residents, and it is becoming more and more important to maintain them, and gain new potential residents. In case satisfaction emerges in the residents, we can maintain them locally, creating a loyal consumer group. Reputation or having personal experiences towards local events or tuition institutions could be extremely important for potential local residents, which may further build the positive image towards the settlement. These expectations and obtained values will also be compared by the consumer, ultimately making him/her satisfied or dissatisfied. The measurement criteria of these models will be assessed, which will be used to summarize all examined models in a table accordingly.
Key words: consumer satisfaction, place marketing, models
JEL: M310
Treutz Urbánné A., Consumer satisfaction in the place marketing, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics, Vol. 5, No 1-2, 2019, 79–90, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2019.5.1-2.7

 

 

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Vol. 4, No 2, 2018

CONTENTS

The role of Hévíz sludge cosmetics in beauty care at the Danubius Health Spa Resort in Hévíz with special regard to the Kaviczky products
Nóra Amberg
Summary. The paper presents the effect of the Hévíz Lake sludge on health and beauty, with particular emphasis on the beneficial properties of the Hévíz sludge ingredient in cosmetics, which is mainly presented with the Kaviczky treatments applied in Danubius Health Spa Resort in Hévíz and the ecological unevenness of Lake Hévíz. Agnes Kaviczky developed the Pannon Formula, which is composed of Hévíz sludge, Hévíz water, natural grain extracts and biologically pure essential oils. The unique features of the Lake Hévíz, its therapeutic effect, its unique flora and fauna are of great importance for those seeking healing, beauty, relaxation and excursions. From an environmental point of view, the sustainability, protection, conservation of its living and healing sludge for future generations must be sought.
Key words: environmental protection, Hévíz sludge, Kaviczky cosmetics, naturalness, Pannon Formula PF^TM
JEL: M30, M31, M37
Amberg N., The role of Hévíz sludge cosmetics in beauty care at the Danubius Health Spa Resort in Hévíz with special regard to the Kaviczky products, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 5-18, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.13

Control and the illusion of control in the financial decisions of entrepreneurs
Joanna Chudzian, Olga Podlińska, Ada Ładno
Summary. The article concerns the phenomenon of control and illusion of control in financial decisions of Polish enterprises. The article identifies the main determinants of the illusion of control. The aim of the paper is to assess the level of control and the degree of illusion of control. For this purpose a CAWI survey was conducted on a group of persons employed in enterprises and responsible for financial decisions. The empirical part of the article presents an primary study conducted among financial directors which showed high results of surveyed entrepreneurs in the area of control and the observed phenomenon of the illusion of control in decision-making situations in the field of finance. At the same time, the main factors influencing the level of the illusion of control were verified.
Key words: control, illusion of control, rationality, decision-making process, financial decisions
JEL: D81, G11
Chudzian J., Podlińska O., Ładno A., Control and the illusion of control in the financial decisions of entrepreneurs, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, .19-30, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.14

The key to increasing competitiveness is investing into human resources
Magdolna Csath
Summary. This paper focuses attention on the fact that the V4 (Visegrad) countries in general are poorly prepared to capitalize on the opportunities offered by the fourth industrial revolution, and less protected against the risks created by it. First of all economic structural indicators prove that the economies of the V4 countries are still not knowledge based, and can be characterized by low value added activities. In some cases Poland stands out with slightly better results, but all in all V4 countries lag behind the economically more advanced countries for all the analysed indicators. Secondly these countries do not invest enough into their human resources. The article suggests that unless the V4 countries start putting stronger emphasis on developing human skills and local knowledge they will lose a historic opportunity for becoming successful nations which are able to benefit from the ongoing processes of the fourth industrial revolution by moving up on the value chain.
Key words: fourth industrial revolution, industrial structure, value chain, human resources, education, life-long learning, multidimensional skills
JEL: O11, E22
Csath M., The key to increasing competitiveness is investing into human resources, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 31-45, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.15

Bitcoin as an example of cryptocurrency – current state and perspectives
Seweryn Gajdek
Summary. The idea of anonymous digital money existing outside of traditional banking system lasts at least 40 years. It appeared as soon as technological solutions, which such a system requires, became available. The article analyses the genesis of the crypto-currencies and technological solutions implemented into the Bitcoin digital currency. The article shows current state of the Bitcoin market and changes in its price, market capitalisation and number of transactions during last decade of operations of the crypto-currency market. Although there are difficulties in using Bitcoins, which include technical background and resulting from the high volatility of prices of this currency, the continuing upward trend of the Bitcoin price and the average daily number of transactions shows that interest in this currency is growing. Bitcoin features that attract new users are a large dose of anonymity, security of funds guaranteed by the extremely high computing power of the Bitcoin network, the speed of transactions and their low cost associated with the exclusion of a financial intermediary. The features of this money and data from the market allow to expect that Bitcoin will gain more individual and institutional users.
Keywords: cryptocurrency, bitcoin, cryptography, digital currency|
JEL: G10, G19
Gajdek S., Bitcoin as an example of cryptocurrency – current state and perspectives, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 47-56, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.16

The concept of land use model in Lithuania – the tool for sustainable development
Rimvydas Gaudesius
Summary. Urbanization process in the Republic of Lithuania has formed a strong visual, cultural and economic gap between rural and urban areas. Lithuanian villages face major social, cultural changes and economic difficulties, which result in increasing migration of people to cities and foreign countries. Everyone could self-realize only in a safe and comfortable environment. The right environment, in which persons feel safe and are able to realize their potential in activities, can be created by spatial planning. Lithuanian scientists talk much about problems in territorial planning, but no particular proposals are offered and state institutions do not take any measures in order to stop this chaotic urbanization. There are a lot of problems related with land usage, so it is very important to create the sustainable model of land usage in Lithuania.
Keywords: Sustainable development, land management, environmental engineering
JEL: C02, K25, O21, R14
Gaudesius R., The concept of land use model in Lithuania – the tool for sustainable development, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 57-63, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.17

Determinants of the development of the Mazowieckie Province in 2007-2016
Łukasz Grzęda
Summary. The article presents the results of the analysis of factors influencing the development of the Mazowieckie Province (Masovia) in the years 2007-2016. Data for the study were collected from the Central Statistical Office and Statistical Yearbooks of the Mazowieckie Province. The results indicate that the level of development of Masovia is considerably higher than of other provinces in the country. At the end of the analyzed period, in Masovia the GDP per capita was almost twice as high as the national average. Masovia held the highest share in Poland’s GDP (22%). Important factors positively affecting the development of Masovia are: positive population growth and improving demographic situation, and broad access to telecommunications. Additional factors of the dynamic Masovia’s development are: extensive transportation infrastructure (104.3 km per 100 km2) and high number of students (236.5 thousand) and college graduates (60.8 thousand) who constitute the future substantive resources of the province’s economy.
Keywords: region, regional economy, determinants of regional development
JEL: R11
Grzęda Ł., Determinants of the development of the Mazowieckie Province in 2007-2016, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 65-74, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.18

Modern challenges of creating tourism brand of Kazakhstan
Kamshat Mussina
Summary. The article is dedicated to studying contemporary situation and problems of torusim brand development in Kazakhstan. The results of the conducted survey have shown that consumers are interested in such tourist-and-recreational resources as natural reserves and national parks and monuments, the Yassavi mausoleum, the branded direction – Borovoye and the mountains, as well as the symbol of the country could become the Golden man or the snow leopard. The research is based on authors own empirical research on the issues regarding tourists awareness and preferencess, as well as experts’ survey. The empirical research was provided based on literature review, primary data (in form of tourists surveys), secondary data collection, analysis and synthesis. To survey tourists a structured questionnaire was designed; 96 people were surveyed, including 55 women and 41 men as a random sampling. The experts’ survey was conducted in free form, and eight experts were surveyed. As was evidenced by the study results, international tourists are particularly interested in authentic cuisine as well as activities. Moreover, the research revealed that a gap between the way Kazakhstan officially defines its identity and the actual brand image the country has for now as a tourist destination.
Key words: tourism, brand, Kazakhstan, challenge
JEL: M31, L83, Z33
Mussina K., Modern challenges of creating tourism brand of Kazakhstan, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 75-87, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.19

Demographic changes in rural and semi-urban areas in Poland (2003-2016)
Iwona Pomianek, Ana Kapaj
Summary. The demographic potential, especially in the peripheral and remote areas, has been deteriorating. Negative natural increase, low or negative migration balances, unfavourable values of the feminisation index and growing relation of the number of people at post-working age to the number of people at working age have been threatening rural development. The aim of the research was to show spatial concentrations of municipalities (LAU 2 level) with a similar level of demographic potential. The study was carried out for 2169 municipalities (LAU 2 level), including rural and semi-urban (urban-rural, including small towns) ones. It was based on the data from the Statistics Poland. The municipalities were are ranked by the level of demographic potential (by 4 variables) and put into 5 groups by the potential level using the taxonomic development measure of Hellwig. The results were presented in maps using cartogram method. The most favourable and promising situation according to demographic potential is observed in central and southern Poland, especially in semi-urban and suburban areas of large cities. The worst demographic potential level and at the same time the least favourable demographic forecasts concern mostly the Eastern Poland, already known as problem area. The spiral of negative conditions accelerates, causing more disadvantages, making young people looking for new places to work and live, deepening current demographic problems and leading to socio-economic development pathologies.
Key words: demographic potential, sustainable development, problem areas
JEL: J11
Pomianek I., Kapaj A., Demographic changes in rural and semi-urban areas in Poland (2003-2016), Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 2, 2018, 89-101, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.2.20

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Vol. 4, No 1, 2018

CONTENTS

Influence of communication of medical personnel with patients on health care units management processes
Bożena Freund
Summary. A health care is characterised of creating an individual, specific relation between representatives of health care units and patients, which means that not only medical staff professionalism but also an empathetic attitude towards patients are important questions. Literature regarding the issue of communication with patients is growing, there are as well workshops in an effective communication, nevertheless the topic is still of minor importance. Meanwhile, relations between medical personnel and patients may put a major impact on the quality of health care as well as patients satisfaction with medical services, what is important from a management point of view. A proper way of patients’ treatment by medical personnel may result not only in better attitude towards therapy, but also it may influence a more efficient management of health care facilities, as patient satisfied with medical services may recommend an organisation, which may have a positive impact on an institution’s image, allowing a manager to focus on more important aspects of an institution management. For the above reasons it is important to get to know medical personnel’s attitude to developing as well as improving communication skills in order to provide a holistic patients care, what can significantly influence a health care units management. Medical staff communication skills are important not only from a treatment perspective, but they can also be significant from the perspective of health care organisations management. The study material was gathered in the first quarter of 2014. In the final analysis questionnaires from 113 representatives of various medical professions were taken into consideration. The study results show that in the process of medical professionals education there is only a little attention paid to acquiring communication skills regarding communication between a patient and medical personnel. Also, the hypothesis according to which medical personnel is satisfied with communication with patients was confirmed. Furthermore, medical staff agree in stating that they care for a proper communication with patients. Conclusions coming from the study results may define a specific way of health care units management, which should comprise, among others, financial resources for trainings in medical personnel
soft skills improvement,
Key words: communication, health care, patients, medical personnel, management
JEL: I1, I19, M1, M12
Freund B., Influence of communication of medical personnel with patients on health care units management processes, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 5–24, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.1

Multi-Level Marketing. Features and controversy
Justyna Kaźmierczak, Artur Łabuz
Summary. Multi-Level Marketing is a kind of novelty in the business reality. The greatest popularity gained in Western countries, where it functions as a kind of hybrid method in distribution of the goods with the design of the sales network. It is one of the most secure business models. In Poland the awareness of this type of activity is still small and remains a wide spectrum of scientific research. This situation has led to the creation of this article. The aim of the publication is to highlight the problems of Multi-Level Marketing, an indication of the essence of this phenomenon, and show how far is different than traditional marketing. The article presents the system of functioning of this kind of business, how it works a system of charging commissions and indicated a practical example of this system. Considerations based on literature studies and case studies.
Key words:  marketing, network of connections, commission system, business model
JEL: M00, M10, M31
Kaźmierczak J., Łabuz A., Multi-Level Marketing. Features and controversy, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 25–34, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.2

Synergy and diversity of the resources of an enterprise. Knowledge manager – model approach
Michał A. Leśniewski, Wioletta M. Pacholarz
Summary. One of the fundamental problems relating to the management of the company is the manager and its employees’ as the human resource of the organisation. Managers with their staff and particularly positive relationship between them are able to build constructive
foundation of the future undertakings. The aim of the white paper is to provide a fault energy and diversity of companies with the presentation of his concept of manager’s model knowledge. In the development of the adopted research hypotheses formulated as follows:
First hypothesis research area: knowledge manager is a wizard synergetic and diversity of companies, second hypothesis research area: meteoric manager is provided through knowledge and be able to use this knowledge, Third research hypothesis: manager knowledge can be reflected in the form of a concept of material and the concept of an intangible asset. The development of a conceptual design and is based on the method of interpretation literature.
Key words: manager knowledge, diversity enterprise resource, business management
JEL: O15, D83 
Leśniewskki M.A., Pacholarz W.M., Synergy and diversity of the resources of an enterprise. Knowledge manager – model approach, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 35–51, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.3

Macroeconomic stability and social progress in the EU member states and Ukraine
Oleksii Lyulyov
Summary. The main purpose of the study is the role and influence of social factors on macroeconomic stability. The research is based on the hypothesis that countries with greater macroeconomic stability achieve greater social progress. The integrated index of human capital is proposed as a target for the construction of an appropriate system for monitoring social progress, and in the future – identifying the impact on macroeconomic stability. The main stages of estimating the integral index of human capital are: identification of relevant indicators that will form each of the sub-indices; filtering the selected indicators in the previous stage based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of each of the subindices; normalization of indicators in each of the subindices, calculation of the integral index for each of the subindices, calculation of the final integral index of human capital. The calculations of the integrated capital human capital index for some of the EU countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Croatia, Romania) and Ukraine for the period 2000–2015 allowed us to conclude that Romania and Ukraine were on a marginal level of social progress, while Lithuania, Poland and Croatia in the range of moderate level. The use of the OLS (the least squares) method to determine the significance of changes in social progress to macroeconomic stability has revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of social progress on macroeconomic stability.
Key words: economic growth, unemployment, macroeconomic stability, social factors, European Union, Ukraine.
JEL: E60, C19, O15, O20, O40 
Lyulyov O., Macroeconomic stability and social progress in the EU member states and Ukraine, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 53–64, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.4

Export opportunity and constraints for fruit and vegetable producers in Albania
Etleva Muça, Ledia Thoma, Ana Kapaj
Summary. Albania has considerable potential for growth in the fruit and vegetable market. Its climate-arable conditions are very adequate for the successful growth of a wide range of fruits and vegetables. Albania has an interior market in development and a non structured
exporting market. The study is aimed at estimating and identifying export growth opportunities and constraints for fruit and vegetable exporters. The paper investigates the opinions of producers and exporters in south-west Albania. A face-to-face interview survey method
was conducted. Database elaboration was made through the SPSS program. An ordinary probit regression was used to evaluate the constraints of fruit and vegetable producers in Albania. We conclude that there are several problems that hamper exportation growth in
Albania. Albanian producers are usually not able to penetrate into foreign markets because they are not part of consolidated marketing distribution channels.
Key words: exportation, fruit and vegetable producer, distribution channel
JEL: Q 17, F19
Muça E., Thoma L., Kapaj A., Export opportunity and constraints for fruit and vegetable producers in Albania, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 65–71, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.5

Development of social capital by strengthening of digital competences among groups exposed to social exclusion
Paweł Pięta
Summary. Competitive advantage in the professional market is shaped by the competences possessed, i.e. skills, qualifications, and permissions. One of the eight types of key competences mentioned in the European Union documents is digital competence.It is a collection
of knowledge, skills, and rudiments necessary for both, the purposeful point of view and active participation of a given person in social life. The low level of digital competences possessed is particularly visible among groups at risk of digital exclusion, in particular among people living in rural areas, the elderly and people with low education. The difference between people who have access to a computer and the Internet and people who do not have the possibility to use these devices is affected by the dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Digital exclusion is not only the lack of access to the appropriate infrastructure but also the lack of computer and Internet skills. In order to counteract the exclusion of these groups, activities aimed at developing social capital by strengthening digital competences play an important role.
Key words: social capital, key competences, digital competences, digital exclusion, Łowicki county
JEL: D83, E24, I24, I25
Pięta P., Development of social capital by strenghtening of digital competences among groups exposed to social exclusion, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 73–87, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.6

Economic knowledge and awareness and the competence of the young generation of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in the achievement of financial stability
Jarosław W. Przybytniowski
Summary. It has been found that the financial education increases substantially the economic knowledge to build awareness and competence of the younger generation and therefore the dissemination of this knowledge. The aim of this paper is to identify the importance
of the knowledge economy in the growth of the build awareness and competence of the students in the management of finances in the current, constantly changing environment. Design development was subject to the hypothesis in accordance with that – there is a relationship of the knowledge economy and the increase of awareness and competence of the younger generation in achieving financial stability and their independence. This problem will be implemented using the analysis of the state of the knowledge economy university
students of the Świętokrzyskie on individual economic areas. Method applied research area is anonymous questionnaire survey addressed directly using a survey to students study desktop and portable exams I and II degree.
Key words: economy knowledge, objective knowledge, economic awareness, subjective knowledge
JEL: D83, A2, A13
Przybytniowski J.W., Economic knowledge and awareness and the competence of the young generation of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship in the achievement of financial stability, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 89–99, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.7

Instagram as a tool for promoting superfood products
Anna Roth, Tomasz Zawadzki
Summary. Social media, Instagram included, are more and more often used by enterprises to promote their own products. Year by year there has been an increase in the rate of the use of the analysed channels of marketing, which seem to be one of the most basic forms
of spreading information about their products for enterprises active in the field of superfood products. Superfoods are products containing elements characterised by a wealth of nutritional values, e.g. chia seeds or goji berries. The article presents a short characteristic of social media and defines the eponymous superfood category. The research section of the publication analyses the Instagram activity of three Polish producers of food containing superfood elements, namely Chias – a snack producer, ZmianyZmiany – a producer of plant bars, and PowerWaters – a producer of water with caffeine. The current state of affairs with respect to Instagram profiles of the three discussed brands are studied comprehensively and several applicable recommendations are presented. The research also touches upon the issue of improving customer engagement levels as well as the issue of barter exchange as a way to increase sales and brand awareness in the virtual world.
Key words: superfood, instagram, online communication, social selling
JEL: M31, L81
Roth A., Zawadzki T., Instagram as a tool for promoting superfood products, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 101–113, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.8

Operational risk analysis of network Operation Center Division pt. IO
Rindu E. B. Tarigan, Ktut S. Mangani
Summary. This research is try to identify the operational risks in Network Operation Center division of PT. IO; measure and evaluate the risks, as well as make control and response measures to operational risks. The research method was a survey and Focus Group Discussion, by using a questionnaire as a research tool. The sample selection is done by Quota sampling and Convenience sampling methods to the employees in Division Network Operating Center PT.IO, which has had experience of at least 5 years. The results showed that as many as 40 out of 49 identified risks have been handled properly. Against these risks, the company have 35 standard operating procedure documents (SOPs) as a mitigation of those risks. Nonetheless, efforts are needed to improve and update mitigation strategies because of the possibility of new risks and increased risk levels. It becomes a suggestion for further research as well as suggestion to undertake further research on mitigation at the division and director level.
Key words: risk, likelihood, impact, risk criteria, risk mitigation
JEL: M10, L21
Tarigan R.E.B., Mangani K.S., Operational risk analysis of network Operation Center Division pt. IO, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 115–129, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.9

Strategic management of transnational banks in the international market after the global financial crisis
Dmytro Tsyhaniuk, Vita Boychenko
Summary. The article identifies post-crisis determinants of strategic management of transnational banks in the market of direct investments by means of the correlation analysis of the dependence of growth of external assets of transnational banks of European countries on the indicators of profitability and financial stability of banking systems of the countries of placement of subsidiary banks, the efficiency of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries, the structure of a complex financial crisis and the speed of post-crisis
recovery of the country, ease of doing business. There is no obvious connection between the presence of foreign banks in the banking system and indicators of profitability, ease of doing business and financial stability of banking systems. This is confirmed by the correlation analysis of 45 indicators on the example of 26 European countries for 2009–2011 (the period immediately after the end of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009). It is proved that in the post-crisis period, for transnational banks, the decision of increasing/decreasing the volume of assets in the banking system of the host country is dominated by: 1) the structure of a complex financial crisis; 2) the speed of post-crisis recovery of economies and banking systems of these countries; 3) the effectiveness of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in these countries.
Key words: strategic management, transnational banks, international market, financial crisis, post-crisis development
JEL: H12, F23, G01, G15, G21
Tsyhaniuk D., Boychenko V., Strategic management of transnational banks in the international market after the global financial crisis,  Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 131–147, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.10

Monitoring the fresh fruits and vegetables supply chain in Turkey
Harun Uçak, Saliha Çelik, Hatice H. Öztemiz
Summary. Turkey’s bio-diversity, geographical structure and climatic conditions, makes it possible to produce a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Although, the high production capacity, half of the vegetables and fruits are lost during the supply chain processes from farmer to the end consumer because of the long and complex structure of the supply chain. At the same time the current supply chain structure leads to huge gaps between producer and consumer prices. The aim of this study is to determine the structure of the fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain in Turkey and develop alternative supply chain forms to prevent the “price differences” and “product losses” from farmer to the final consumer. The study included descriptive analyses with secondary data as well as literature review. In addition, this study emphasizes the asymmetric power relationship in the agricultural supply chain. The asymmetric power relationship is explained by the price differences between the farmer and the final consumer. The research findings suggest that the transition from the existing multi-intermediated supply chain to the non-intermediated model must be done in a gradual way and through strengthening of the farmers.
Key words: agricultural supply chain, fresh fruits and vegetables, Turkey, restructuring of agricultural supply chains, food safety and food losses.
JEL: Q1, R38
Uçak H., Çelik S., Öztemiz H.H., Monitoring the fresh fruits and vegetables supply chain in Turkey, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 149–162, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.11

Management of education in the context of its financial support as a public -private good
Tetiana Vasylieva, Serhiy Lyeonov, Anna Vorontsova
Summary. In the article the essence and main characteristics of public and private goods are investigated, their main differences are revealed. Based on this, the main features of public goods were identified, including the nature of consumption, exclusivity of consumption,
level of competition in providing services, exhaustiveness of services, level of social significance, etc. A comparative analysis of the peculiarities of funding for education at different levels (primary, secondary education, post-secondary/total tertiary education) and funding sources (public and private expenditures) has been conducted. It is substantiated that the basis for determining the optimal financial support structure for LLS development should be the level of compliance of educational services with the criteria for meeting public and private goods. On the basis of this, it was found that the ratio of budget and extrabudgetary funding for basic education services should be 90 to 10%; for vocational education services – 60–70% to 30–40%; and for services of additional education – 20–40% to 60–80%.
Key words: financial support, lifelong learning system, public goods, private goods.
JEL: B10, H40, H52, I21, I22 
Vasylieva T., Lyeonov S., Vorontsova A., Management of education in the context of its financial support as a public -private good, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 4, No 1, 2018, 163–173, DOI 10.22630/AMME.2018.4.1.12

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Vol. 3, No 2, 2017

CONTENTS

Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics
Mariana Bil
Summary. The aim of the paper is to improve theoretical foundations of the research of the population spatial mobility as an actual socio-economic concept and development of its three-dimensional model. Two basic concepts are used to understand spatial mobility – “mobility” and “space”. The population spatial mobility is suggested to consider its property, which reflects desire, willingness and opportunities to change a place of residence in specified space-time coordinates, which is accompanied by human potential capitalization during implementation processes. Immobility as the opposite property of mobility is identified. A three-dimensional model of the population spatial mobility is considered. The characteristics of the population spatial mobility are generalized. They include: subjectivity, level and scale display, tempology, transformation, goal orientation, potentiality, functionality, the ability to adjust and measurability. All the characteristics are described. The author points out that the methodology to determine the level of the population spatial mobility needs developing. The different types of the population spatial mobility are described in order to assess its level. This is active-mobile and passive-mobile population. The structure of the population spatial mobility is formed depending on the dominance of a particular personality type. The scale of spatial mobility as an important characteristic reflects desire, willingness and opportunities of movement for a specified distance. Functionality as the characteristic of spatial mobility reveals its ability to perform such functions as movement provision, stagnation resistance, balancing and alignment, variability, alternativeness, freedom, protection, development, self-responsibility and individualization. Goal orientation shows that the mobile property of a person allows them to more quickly meet the needs through the achievement of demanded goals compared to other members of society who are immobile. The actuality of the research of the population spatial mobility in the context of human development is proved in the conclusions.
Key words: population spatial mobility, movement, level of spatial mobility, personality types of spatial mobility, immobility
JEL: J61, O15
Bil M., Population spatial mobility: essence and characteristics, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 5-16, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.13

Exchange rate problems as an indicator of problems in governing the national economy 
Bohdan Ilychok, Zhanna Poplavska, Vitali Gumenyuk, Halyna Pushak
Summary. The article focuses on improvements and related issues in the implementation of Ukrainian monetary policy. Over the past 20 years the Ukrainian government has conducted monetary policy that flouts generally accepted international goals. The article also
presents an overview of the main economic factors that exert an influence on the exchange rate – inflation and the state of the account surplus of goods payment balance, which is determined by the competitiveness of the economy. The index of global competitiveness is used as an indicator of the national economy’s competitiveness, while the country’s current position and dynamics under the global competitiveness index (GCI) are examined. The article details the main factors that have led the country’s position to fall, including the fact
that the problems are systemic and result from corruption. The impact of the negative factors can be minimized in Ukraine, and monetary policy improved.
Key words: monetary policy, GDP, inflation, employment, balance of payments, competitiveness, national budget, the shadow economy
JEL: F31, G18, H11
Ilychok B., Poplavska Z., Gumenyuk V., Pushak H., Exchange rate problems as an indicator of problems in governing the national economy, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 17–29, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.14

The behavioral preferences of leaders and team performance – the notions of ‘neuroleader’ and ‘neuroorganisation’
Anna Korzeniewska
Summary. The article presents the interactions between behavioral preferences of a leader and the factors of a high-performance team. A total of 476 interactions were identified using a cross-impact matrix featuring the behavioral factors of the leader and 25 factorial factors. On this basis, the most useful features of the leader are identified and the definitions of neuroleader and neuroorganization developed.  Interacted studies have shown that the neuroleader leading the organization toward neuroorganization prefers behavior that is characteristic for people who are particularly developed in the right hemisphere (blue and green, in PRISM terminology). The article presents the characteristics of “blue” and “green” leaders. The results of the present research may provide an introduction to a broader study of the influence of behavioral characteristics on team performance. It would be revealing to conduct research on a larger number of companies in order to find correlations between high team performance and the behavioral preferences of team members and leaders. The author want to take up these questions in further research on high performance in neuroscience. These studies will enhance the knowledge of management, decision making and human behavior in teams and organizations.
Key words: neuroleader, neuroorganization, team performance, high performance, performance management
JEL: M12, J24, L25
Korzeniewska A., The behavioral preferences of leaders and team performance – the notions of ‘neuroleader’ and ‘neuroorganisation’, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 31–39, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.15

Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine
Vasyl Lypchuk, Tetiana Stepura
Summary. The article evaluates the main parameters of human potential quality of Ukraine’s region. The assessment is based on the quantitative measurement of sustainable development. The Euclidean metric was used. The quality of human potential as a multi-structural
phenomenon characterizes the levels of human potential characteristics developed according to the environment of its formation, as well as public and personal needs. It is indicated that a structural approach should be used to study the quality of regional human potential. This necessitates the separation of certain levels of sociogenesis. Those levels include the human body, individuality and personality. Quality is formed at each of them. In this article, using qualimetry, a quantitative measure of quality was evaluated using the level of the human body. This was the basis for the premise that the quality of human potential is formed in a three-dimensional system of time, space and energy parameters, corresponding to the demographic, ecological and economic dimensions. Various indicators can be the characteristics of each of the parameters, depending on the research focus. Using the methods proposed, the quality of the human potential of Ukrainian regions was evaluated. Indicators of the degree of harmonization and the quantitative measure of the quality were calculated. It was established that analytical conclusions should be considered not only the grade of the quality achieved, but also the degree of harmonisation of internal and external factors.
Key words: regional human potential quality, personal paradigm, qualimetry, time-space factors, energy, degree of harmonization
JEL: O15, C52
Lypchuk V., Stepura T., Qualimetric approaches to the quality of human potential in Ukraine, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 41–54, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.16

Do better socioeconomic features of population mean more competitive regions?
Balázs Pozsár
Summary. The objective of the case study was to give an overview of differences between Hungarian regions from the aspect of socioeconomic factors. The paper deals with the distinct situations of NUTS 2 regions in order to get a general view of the country from
that angle. Although, that approach is not the most detailed one, it makes possible to easily distinguish the competitive parts of the country. Secondary data were provided by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) and National Territorial Development and Spatial
Planning Information System (TeIR) were used to present the distribution of population by various expositions. Unemployment rate, distribution of educational attainment, population growth, rate of ageing, vitality index, dependency ratio and GDP per capita were calculated and assembled to present the differences. The results are showing clearly, that Central Hungary (HU10), Central Transdanubia (HU21), Western Transdanubia (HU22) are currently competitive. The population of Southern Transdanubia (HU23) and Southern Great Plain (HU33) are aging, but stable from the view of economy related indexes. Northern Hungary (HU31) and Northern Great Plain (HU32) are considered laggards from that aspect, but have a considerable potential because of the age structure of the population. The paper also
introduces some national and EU programmes which are meant to mitigate the effects of unfavourable situations.
Key words: rural development, society, inequality, economy, education, innovation
JEL: O10, R51, R58
Pozsár B., Do better socioeconomic features of population mean more competitive regions?, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 55–64, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.17

The place of lessors of land shares in the system of agricultural marketing in Ukraine
Valentyna Rafalska, Yaroslava Larina
Summary. Ukraine’s agricultural sector is developing quickly. While providing solutions to matters of the agricultural industry, marketing should be considered as targeted management of modern agricultural business. One of the specific features of the agricultural market
is limitation of land and how production depends on it. More than 80% of agricultural lands are leased to agricultural growers and producers. Under the current conditions of agricultural activity of a business, there is an increase in competitiveness between lessors over
reissue of land share lease agreements. Lessors, who are the owners of land shares, have to take their place in the market environment of agricultural businesses and in the system of agricultural marketing in general, since they both perform the functions of the key asset provider, i.e. the land bank and partially the consumer of products made by this business.
Key words: agricultural marketing, agricultural market, specific features of agricultural marketing, lessors, lessees, land share owners, rental payments
JEL: Q15, M31
Rafalska V., Larina Y., The place of lessors of land shares in the system of agricultural marketing in Ukraine, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 65–72, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.18

International students and motivation to study at postgraduate level – some evidence from China
Grażyna Rembielak, John Wilson, Xiang Li
Summary. This paper investigates reasons why students decide to study abroad, taking into consideration push, pull and individual psychological factors. The research took place in China in a European university branch in Shanghai, where international students were
surveyed. Although up to date there was a lot of research on international students’ motivations to study abroad, testing various push and pull factors models, and there is only one piece of research looking specifically at students motivations with regards to international branch campuses but at Arabic context. The gap created the opportunity for the present investigation. This paper is the first piece of research that examines international students’ motivations to select a European university branch in China. The findings indicate that pull factors could be more important in influencing students to study at international branches of European universities.
Key words: international students, international branch campuses, students’ decision, influencers, motivators
JEL: I21, I23
Rembielak G., Wilson J., Li X., International students and motivation to study at postgraduate level – some evidence from China, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 73–87, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.19

Formalization of brand marketing management in the food industry
Rasa Rukuižienė
Summary. The article helps to identify interrelated factors of the formalization of brand marketing management using applied strategic marketing tools. The brand marketing management framework is constructed on the market research results – new marketing mix. Consequently, valuable brands and new food products are more successful in market at the lowest costs under more intensive promotional activity. Customers always fix their choice at an advantage in consumption of new brands with (in)tangible attributies – quality, use convenience, time savings, image or variety by personal experience. Producers try to gain from new brand marketing management and try to form new consumption trends together with intermediaries. The theoretical and empirical researches were provided on the basis of scientific literature, case studies, primary data collection, surveys, primary data analysis and synthesis. A questionnaire was used to identify brand marketing management tools and the results of using them. The answers to research problems are formulated on the base of situation in the B2B and B2C markets of food brands. The research was framed to demonstrate that the formalization of brand marketing management can be impelemented succesfully by forming target marketing strategy and marketing communication.
Key words: brand management, marketing, formalization
JEL: M11, M31  
Rukuižienė R., Formalization of brand marketing management in the food industry, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 89–99, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.20

Development of educational migration in Ukraine
Nataliia Stepaniuk
Summary. The article studies the historical development of educational migration processes in Ukraine. It processes the classification of educational migration in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. It also suggests measures that should be implemented to prevent significant educational immigration from Ukraine. It also determines that the prerequisite for the educational migration is the desire of an individual to get certain education, which can be classified in terms of desired level of qualification, professional specialization, directions, methods and ways of getting education and the desired result. It is noted that a specific feature of educational migration is its impact not only on the profitability of the educational sector (or a particular university), but also on the economy of the country (region) that provides educational services in general. In addition, the consumers of educational services are a potential workforce of corresponding qualifications. In order to define characteristic features of educational migration from Ukraine, it was necessary to identify individual characteristics of such transferences; that is why classification of educational migration was done in view of global instability and manifestations of the crisis. To maintain and expand the reproduction of intellectual potential, it was suggested to use effective measures of educational and migration policy that would quickly adapt to the changes in the global economic environment. It is necessary to apply the mechanisms which could establish systematic movement of intelligence, capital, and information in two mutually symmetrical directions (into Ukraine and out of Ukraine). It is necessary to strengthen the competitive advantages of Ukraine in science, education and high technologies.
Key words: educational migration, economy, immigration, emigration, educational migrants, human capital, movement of intelligence, globalization
JEL: F22, F63
Stepaniuk N., Development of educational migration in Ukraine, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 101–111, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.21

Brand awareness and consumer profile for milk: case of the Tirana market, Albania
Ledia Thoma, Ana Kapaj, Anila Boshnjaku, Etleva Muca
Summary. Nowadays, it is quite important that business companies understand brand awareness and consumer profile for their products and services. They can take advantage of this information to properly adapt their marketing strategies to the needs of their targeted
markets and segments. This research paper aims at measuring brand awareness and consumer profile for different types of milk in Tirana. Through a set of face to face questionnaires, it is revealed that those in charge of purchases in the household are pretty aware of the vast majority of the milk brands available in Tirana market. They also give high evaluation scores to the most known brands. On the other hand, consumers’ profile for different types of milk (UHT vs. pasteurized or fresh) seems to differ based on some specific socio-economic variables of the household and the person in charge of the purchases. The consumers with the highest income and education level are more aware about food safety importance. Such consumers are leaned more towards purchasing UHT milk.
Key words: brand awareness, milk sector in Albania
JEL: Q13, M31
Thoma L., Kapaj A., Boshnjaku A., Muca E., Brand awareness and consumer profile for milk: case of the Tirana market, Albania, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 113–119, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.22

Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business
Dariusz Tworzydło, Przemysław Szuba
Summary. This article presents the results of comprehensive research on image in the internal and external environments of an organization. During the research, the method of measuring the effect of public relations activities, i.e. the image objectives matrix, was also
verified. The above tool is used to determine the image position of an economic entity, and to identify possible problems the entity must address in the range of its internal and external communications. The main conclusion is: The research project, completed in three phases
(external, internal, image assessment), enabled us to optimize the dedicated tools for subsequent image studies, making it easy to see the changes closely, taking into account their direction. ZETO’s management board has received extensive material that, if appropriately used, will have a direct impact on showing the direction in which the company should be headed in the coming years. The opinions of institutional clients and employees will help to determine the strategy for future activities.
Key words: public relations, measurement of effects of public relations activities, internal and external communication, quantitative research, scale reliability analysis, image gap, image objectives matrix
JEL: C18, M3
Tworzydło D., Szuba P., Verifying an image objectives matrix for measuring the effects of public relations activities in business, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 121–135, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.23

Integral human development
Jolanta Żukowska
Summary. The concepts of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are intended to humanize activity. However, are the existing concepts sufficient for them to fully realize their place in the world and its ecosystems, and to fulfill these roles? Is it necessary to seek a new concept of human organizational development, one which would strengthen the roles of creator, innovator and coordinator with total respect for the laws of nature? The author points to the contemporary threats and the need to search for new ideas and a more sensitive interaction with the environment, organizations, society and nature. This is necessary not only in meeting the goals of sustainable development, but also for development that is renewable, energy-efficient, closed loop, coordinated with nature and respecting its laws – and even using them. International organizations should not only prevent violence and preserve human rights, but also support the integrated development of individuals, communities and societies. They would thus help prevent stratification while increasing awareness and stimulating creativity. Integral development covers everything and everyone, is complete and respects the constant changes occurring in dynamic space. The concept of integral development seems now closer to modern humanity. Integrity means the interplay and interaction between all the elements of a set (organizations, communities, businesses, workers, the environment, nature) and the common good. This is not merely an idea but an actual necessity. Integral development is human development, and its organization is compatible with nature. This means being aware of coexistence and need to improve. In the absence of one or the other of these, it would not be possible to speak of integral development.
Key words: ecology, international organizations, integral development
JEL: O50
Żukowska J., Integral human development, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 2, 2017, 137–145, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.2.24

 

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Vol. 3, No 1, 2017

CONTENTS

Methodogical frameworks of marketing research in the bioenergy market
Julia Galchynska
Summary. The paper summarises and analyzes the methodological bases of marketing research of the bioenergy market. One of the key elements of such research is the study of the environment in which the biofuel manufacturer operates. The article examines SWOT and
PEST analyses as marketing research methods and tools of Ukraine’s bioenergy market. The process of implementing marketing research in the biofuels market is investigated, and the impact of macro factors on the results of current and future activities of the industry is considered and evaluated.
Key words: marketing research, methods, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, bioenergy
JEL: Q13, M31
Galchynska J., Methodogical frameworks of marketing research in the bioenergy market, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 5-11, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.1

Movie consumption among Hungarian university students
Ádám Horváth, Balázs Gyenge
Summary. In recent years, movie theatres have again found their footing, managing to grow audiences with exciting releases and new technologies. However, uncertainty remains as to how consumers obtain information and make decisions (be it the choice of a particular
title or by what means it’s watched). While thwarting piracy still proves a great challenge, the issue could be approached from a different point of view: as a service problem to be solved by offering better alternatives. Following a brief look at some of the relevant literature,
this paper analyzes a pilot study conducted with university students, who were asked about their movie consumption habits, focusing on the various influences and sources of information that have an effect on their decisions.
Key words: consumer behaviour, culture consumption, decision making, movie download
JEL: M300, M310
Horváth A., Gyenge B., Movie consumption among Hungarian university students, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 13-22, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.2

Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland
Sylwester Kozak
Summary. The paper analyzes changes in risk of investment fund portfolios in different phases of the macroeconomic cycle. Twenty nine equity investment funds operating during the period of 2005–2015 were examined. The risk was assessed by the standard deviation
of rates of return on funds and the β coefficient. The research indicates that the exposure of fund portfolios to risk changed in response to macroeconomic conditions and the situation on the capital market. Risk hit its highest level during the financial crisis years (2008–2011),
followed by the dynamic macroeconomic growth years (2005–2007). The moderate growth years (2012–2015) exposed funds to the lowest risk. For the entire period the average and the median funds and the market were exposed to a similar amount of investment risk.
Key words: capital market, investment funds, investment risk
JEL: O16, G23, G32
Kozak S., Changes in the level of risk in investment funds in Poland, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 23-31, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.3

Innovation and marketing strategies of enterprises on the innovative food products market
Yaroslava Larina
Summary. The purpose of the present paper is to identify the particular use of marketing strategies for innovative products and to define the features thereof. Innovative food products can be defined as those made of unconventional materials, with the use of the latest technologies and new methods of processing and storage, and/or innovative tools of marketing promotion. In the paper I show that innovative strategy is a leading functional strategy of high-tech enterprises. It involves producing a comprehensive set of measures for improving technological aspects of the production process, changes in the company’s organisational structure, and the implementation of modern management technologies. The strategy requires companies to act consistently, which allows them to position themselves in the market. A change in strategy is a response to changing external conditions. Innovative food products belong to the FMCG market, which is characterised by tough competition and oversupply. Forming effective strategies, creating successful brands and profitable business activity in this market requires an approach tailored to this market. Strategies of leading brands in the FMCG sector include seeking out prospects in emerging markets, acquiring leaders in profitable and attractive segments and forming alliances with competitors.
Key words: innovation, innovative product, innovative food product, innovative strategy, FMCG sector
JEL: M31, O32, O33
Larina Y., Innovation and marketing strategies of enterprises on the innovative food products market, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 33-47, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.4

Enterprise branding strategies
Eugeniusz Michalski
Summary. Preparation for marketing and implementation of exchange goods and services require branding strategies to be built. Effective branding can lend a major edge in increasingly competitive markets. An enterprise needs to determine how to conceive of brand strategy,
set up brand extensions and determine the dimensions of brand equity. To understand the factors shaping branding strategies, marketers must understand where, how much and in what way brand value is created. Success or failure depend on continuously monitoring the effectiveness of branding strategies and the appropriate use of brand extension, brand equity and opportunities that appear on markets.
Key words: strategy, market, brand extension, brand portfolio, brand equity
JEL: M31
Michalski E., Enterprise branding strategies, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 49-57, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.5

Changes in the profitability of investment funds in Poland in the period 2005-2016
Emil Ochnio
Summary. The paper examines the rates of return of three main types of investment funds in the period of from 2005 to June 2016. The analysis covers 120 equity, 55 bond and 60 mixed funds and is based on data taken from www.bossa.pl, www.analizy.pl and www.izfa.pl. The results of analysis indicate that macroeconomic conditions significantly shape fund returns, though the impact is diversified by fund type. Better stock market conditions benefit equity and mixed funds, and the periods of economic slowdown are favorable for safer funds, including bond and money market funds. For the entire period, equity funds achieved the highest returns, but with the highest risk. The opposite situation concerned bond funds. The average returns of every type of fund were higher than deposit rates – more than 50% of the funds outgained them.
Key words: financial sector, investment funds, profitability
JEL: O16, G23, G32
Ochnio E., Changes in the profitability of investment funds in Poland in the period 2005-2016, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 59-68, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.6

Managing the safety of clinical nutrition as an important element of comprehensive health satisfaction
Marcin Olkiewicz, Benedykt Bober
Summary. The health of society treated as a set of potential consumers requires effective action and a multidisciplinary approach. For the paper, a survey (a proprietary questionnaire) was used to determine the impact of quality and the factors determining it. Excessive
consumption of high-energy food is the cause of diet-related diseases, aggravating both household budgets and the healthcare system. Healthy eating habits and the elements of food production safety should be monitored by a food security system. Such a system should be based on permanent control of nutritional, health-related characteristics and the presence of harmful substances to minimise the risk of disease. The process of improving threat detection systems is based on scientific risk analysis, the results of which form the basis for comprehensive risk management in clinical nutrition. Understanding patients’ opinions about the importance of quality nutrition in public hospitals may be among the determinants for improved multidirectional activities and increase the effectiveness of safe clinical nutrition. This aspect plays an important role in health education.
Key words: quality, management, clinical nutrition, food safety
JEL: M10, P46, L12
Olkiewicz M., Bober B., Managing the safety of clinical nutrition as an important element of comprehensive health satisfaction, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 69-79, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.7

Advantages and threats of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Oleh Ożarowski
Summary. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is a major trade pact created to further integration of the EU and US economies. In today’s low-tariff reality, the agreement concentrates on eliminating nontariff trade barriers between the states, such as the differing standards in the European union and in the United States for given consumer goods and services. Unfortunately, a number of barriers threaten ratification. The agreement remains far from implementation and it is hard to measure how the two sides would benefit from it equally.
Key words: Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), non-tariff trade barriers,
export, import
JEL: B17, F10, F13, E00
Ożarowski O., Advantages and threats of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 81-87, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.8

The features of marketing mix for non-profit organisations
Mariana Prynko, Joanna Chudzian
Summary. This article examines the concept of marketing mix for non-profit organisations. The authors suggest the use of “4Cs+people”, the elements of which include: consumer solution (mission, sphere of influence, role within the sphere of influence, representing common interests and advocacy, values for target audiences within the sphere of influence, goods and services offered for members, recipients and groups in the wider society), consumer cost (for members, volunteers, clients – service recipients, people and companies making individual financial and in-kind donations, organisations’ own employees, the mass media and legislators, employees of large international foundations and society in general), convenience (the place and means by which events are conducted), communication (advertisement, PR, communication strategy, communication style, how easily information can be found) and people (professionalism, attitude to people and job). We believe that this concept represents special features of the service sphere in general and of non-profit organisation operations in particular.
Key words: marketing, marketing mix, non-profit organisations, NGOs
JEL: L31, M31
Prynko M., Chudzian J., The features of marketing mix for non-profit organisations, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 89-107, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.9

CSR activities undertaken by enterprises
Mateusz Rak
Summary. The paper shows areas of CSR included in corporate strategy, including particularly philanthropy, which may be pursued by an external organisation. It also presents areas of corporate social responsibility, providing a background for the results of the analysis of secondary data concerning the importance of CSR for enterprise. The procedure for creating a CSR strategy is explained and the possibilities of pursuing philanthropic tasks by an external organisation are shown. Using own research (the analysis of websites of 125 corporate foundations in Poland in 2015 and the results of the survey of 46 managers from corporate foundations), author present ways of delegating philanthropic tasks to corporate foundations and how the tasks are accomplished. This article is intended for researchers studying CSR and also for company managers who think about philanthropy.
Key words: corporate philanthropy, CSR, strategy, corporate foundation
JEL: M14
Rak M., CSR activities undertaken by enterprises, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 109-122, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.10

Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture
Kateryna Zavalniuk
Summary. The aim of the article is to examine the theoretical foundations of diversification strategy and identify the characteristics of its application in agriculture. The relevance of diversification strategy research is that its implementation allows additional income to be made, ensures financial stability for enterprise when demand for basic products fluctuates, and strengthens the competitive position in chosen markets. The importance for enterprise of implementing growth strategy is discussed, as is the economic essence of “marketing strategy”. Dynamic changes in the market force producers to review their activity and seek a more optimum development strategy. Diversification can be the optimal strategy when market conditions are uncertain. The article analyzes the essence and types of diversification along with the benefits and disadvantages of diversification strategy. As a result of the research, features of diversification strategy for the agricultural sector were analysed, the essence of which may be found in the unification of agricultural products with other kinds of activity. This is done to decrease the risk arising from receding demand for main agricultural products. The study found that the most effective and least risky strategy is vertical diversification, which involves obtaining a synergistic effect and reducing transaction costs (through the use of a single production chain from field to consumer).
Key words: strategy, marketing strategy, diversification, agrarian groups, agricultural enterprises
JEL: Q13
Zavalniuk K., Diversification as a modern growth strategy in agriculture, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 123-130, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.11

The determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market
Patryk Zwierzyński
Summary. The article presents analysis of the determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market. Given the numerous factors that influence consumer behaviours, the author has decided to focus on the most important determinants affecting furniture purchasers’ attitudes in the Polish furniture market. The determinants are divided into indirect factors (economic, demographic and marketing) and direct ones. The he characteristics of furniture are also described. The publication is based on the literature and research conducted in the furniture market in previous years.
Key words: furniture sector, determinants of consumers’ behaviours
JEL: D11, Q14
Zwierzyński P., The determinants of consumer behaviours in the furniture market, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 3, No 1, 2017, 131-143, DOI https://doi.org/10.22630/AMME.2017.3.1.12

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Vol. 2, No 2, 2016

CONTENTS

The professional activity of women in NGOs in Poland
Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka, Paulina Trębska
Summary. The aim of the article is to assess the professional situation of women in non-governmental agencies in Poland. The study draws on data from Poland Central Statistical Office for empirical evidence. A review of the subject literature is done, and additional reports and published material from the Klon/Jawor Society complement the research. NGOs are a welcome manifestation of civic life in the European Union. In the development of the NGO sector, as in other sectors, the issue of diversity management, including equal opportunities for men and women, cannot be swept aside. In Poland there are tens of thousands of non-governmental organisations involved in sports, arts and culture, education, social assistance and healthcare.
Key words: labour market, non-governmental organisation, women
JEL: J08, J40, J71
Biernat-Jarka A., Trębska P., The professional activity of women in NGOs in Poland, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 5-13.

Economic determinants in the support of organic orchards laid down in the Rural Development Programme 2014–2020
Piotr Gołasa
Summary. The aim of the article is to describe measures aimed at supporting organic orchards in the the RDP 2014–2020 and how that support differs from that offered by the RDP 2007–2013. Drawing on FADN data, the article presents the current economic situation fruit farms face and discusses the importance of subsidies for organic production for those farms’ incomes. The second part of the article examines the reasons the system of support for organic fruit farms was reformed and looks at the most important changes to the economic and legal determinants in the RDP 2014–2020 as they apply to the production of organic fruit farms. I assert that most of the new changes are justified and will allow real organic fruit farms to develop while also doing away with the planting of crops by farmers seeking merely to collect the subsidies for them.
Słowa kluczowe: Common Agricultural Policy, organic farming, orchard production
JEL: Q12, Q18
Gołasa P., Economic determinants in the support of organic orchards laid down in the Rural Development Programme 2014–2020, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 15-24.

Organizational practice and employee expectations in the processes of preparation and implementation of evaluation systems
Karolina Jakubowska
Summary. The aim of this work was to explore employee evaluation as they are used in organizations. The research method was a survey, and the research tool was a questionnaire. Results from the studies show that there is a discrepancy between employee expectations of the evaluation processes and their real effects. This can cause employees to feel a sense of injustice with regard to evaluations, which, according to research, is quite common. A lack of analysis of the evaluation practice from the organizational perspective was a substantial limitation of the research conducted for this article. Nevertheless, conclusions from the research can be used as pointers in creating and correcting evaluation systems in organizational practice.
Key words: employee assessment, employee assessment methods, employees’ expectations, feedback, sense of justice
JEL: A14, M12, M51, M54
Jakubowska K., Organizational practice and employee expectations in the processes of preparation and implementation of evaluation systems, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 25-34.

An education voucher as a way to increase competitiveness in upper secondary schools educational services market
Tomasz Jaroszewski
Summary. The goal of the article is to present the proposition of reform in the system of financing educational services by local governments, which could contribute to increasing the market share of private entities. Currently, the majority of educational services in Poland are provided by public institutions, which is contrary to the general trend towards liberalisation of economic policy and the privatisation associated with it. The article proposes an education voucher and presents one way to reform education, which would not generate any organisational problems for local governments and would not have a negative impact on public finances.
Key words: educational services, education voucher, local finance
JEL: H75, I22
Jaroszewski T., An education voucher as a way to increase competitiveness in upper secondary schools educational services market, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 35-45.

Evaluation of the level of socio-economic development in the counties of Wielkopolska Province in 2014
Karolina Kaczmarek
Summary. The concept of socio-economic development refers to the qualitative and quantitative measure of progress. The main objective of the study was to assess the level of socio-economic development of thirty-one counties of Wielkopolska province in 2014. A synthetic indicator based on TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), a multi-criteria decision analysis method, was used in the analysis. The statistical data were taken from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office. The counties were classified into four groups depending on their level of development. The study revealed that the most developed county of Wielkopolska province was Poznań county, while Koło county was the least developed. The socio-economic development in most counties of Wielkopolska province was at a medium level in 2014.
Key words: Wielkopolska province, socio-economic development, local development, TOPSIS, synthetic development indicator
JEL: I15, O18, R12
Kaczmarek K., Evaluation of the level of socio-economic development in the counties of Wielkopolska Province in 2014, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 47-61.

The influence of milk packaging on purchase decisions of university students in Ostrołęka county
Zdzisław Kochanowicz, Justyna Balcerzak, Piotr Bórawski
Summary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of milk packaging on the buying decisions of university students in Ostrołęka county. The group surveyed consisted of 98 university students who purchased milk in Ostrołęka. The respondents were secondyear and third-year students majoring in business management at the Higher School of Economics and Social Studies in Ostrołęka. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling from the population of second-year and third-year students willing to participate in the study. Most respondents were of the opinion that milk packaging was neither a significant determinant of their buying decisions nor a major indicator of product quality.
Key words: packaging, consumers, milk market
JEL: D11, Q13
Kochanowicz Z., Balcerzak J., BórawskiP., The influence of milk packaging on purchase decisions of university students in Ostrołęka country, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 63-72.

Performance measurement and high team performance building using the Prism Team Performance Diagnostic
Anna Korzeniewska, Kinga Wierzchowska
Summary. The aim of this article is to present the use of PRISM Team Performance Diagnostic to diagnose the team performance of the employees of an IT company. The article presents the different stages of team performance diagnosis with results and identifies possible solutions to the problem of poor performance of the team and the precise actions which should be taken by the leader. The teams managed with traditional methods never obtain high performance. The implementation of enterprise performance management tools using the PRISM Team Performance Diagnostic allows an organisation to build a high-performance team and achieve better business results. In companies using this tool, the involvement of employees, the company’s revenues, customer satisfaction and the level of customer retention can be increased from 1 up to 20%.
Key words: team performance, PRISM Team Performance Diagnostic, high performance, performance management, team development
JEL: M12, J24, L25
Korzeniewska A., Wierzchowska K., Performance measurement and high team performance building using the Prism Team Performance Diagnostic, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 73-88.

A comparative analysis of targeting measures and the absorption of funds under the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006 and the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013
Paulina Mazur
Summary. The development of rural areas is currently one of the more important priorities in the Common Agricultural Policy. In Poland, precisely drawn up rural development policy coupled with complex instruments have been implemented since Poland joined the EU on 1 May 2004. The aim of this article is to present the widely defined activities and measures implemented in the framework of the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006 and the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013. It also compares how they were shaped during the two financial frameworks. The article also presents the spatial absorption of the funds intended for their realisation and the beneficiaries by voivodship. Finally, the article defines the interdependencies between the amount of funds paid by voivodship in both of the programming periods.
Key words: RDP 2004–2006, RDP 2007–2013, rural development, balanced development, European funds in Poland
JEL: Q18, R28, R51, R58
Mazur P., A comparative analysis of targeting measures and the absorption of funds under the Rural Development Plan 2004–2006 and the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 89-109.

The economic dimension of the EU cooperation with the Maghreb countries
Justyna Salamon
Summary. The present article discusses the collaboration between the Maghreb countries (the region is defined in broad terms, including the member states of the Union Arab Maghreb – Algieria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania and Tunisia) and the European Union in terms of economic development. Of essential importance is the year 1995, when the countries signed the Barcelona Declaration. One of its priorities was “(…) the creation of a free trade area, the aim of which is the gradual elimination of customs barriers (tariff and non-tariff) in relation to the trade of manufactured products. Partners also provide for progressive liberalization of trade in agricultural products and services (…)”. The Union for the Mediterranean and the European Neighbourhood Policy evolved gradually. The article examines bilateral documents (in particular in terms of financial assistance) and economic indicators such as the Index of Economic Freedom.
Key words: Barcelona Declaration, Euro-Mediterranean Agreement, Euro-Mediterranean partnership, Maghreb
JEL: F50, F53, F55
Salamon J., The economic dimension of the EU cooperation with the Maghreb countries, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 111-120.

Creating consumer values in the process of developing product innovation
Anna Szwajlik
Summary. The article examines the building of consumer values in the process of developing product innovations at various stages. Values are created in cooperation with the consumer in the process described. Customers may be included in two ways: first, it can be an interpretation of thoughts and a way of action being an expression of hidden needs that is the voice of the consumer, or, second, it can be through the concept of the lead user – which consists in consumers sharing their own suggestions and ideas during the development process. In both cases, including consumers in the innovation development process at its every stage increases the degree of acceptance of the finished product and the chance to satisfy the buyer, which in turn creates value for both the customer and the company.
Key words: customer values, innovation development process, system products
JEL: 031, L14, L86
Szwajlik A., Creating consumer values in the process of developing product innovation, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 121-132.

Regional convergence in Poland and Ukraine after 2004 – a comparative analysis
Tomasz Żminda, Jakub Bis
Summary. The aim of the paper is to compare the process of regional convergence in Poland and Ukraine, with special regard to its direction and dynamics. Regional convergence is widely discussed in the literature, and has gained in importance in the context of European integration, especially in the past decade. Less attention is devoted to the process of convergence of regions of European states which are not associated with the European Union. The authors attempt to fill this gap, in particular to the extent to which they devote attention to the processes of regional convergence in Ukraine. In the study the authors put forward the hypotheses that the processes of regional convergence in Poland and in Ukraine occur in entirely different economic conditions, and therefore their direction and dynamics differ significantly. The target period of the analysis covered the years 2004–2013, while the scope of this research was extended into the 1990s and described in the section of the article which presents the specifics of economic growth and changes in the three-sector structures, providing the context for regional convergence in comparable countries.
Key words: regional convergence, GDP, region, economic growth, Poland, Ukraine
JEL: F43, O47, R12
Żminda T., Bis J., Regional convergence in Poland and Ukraine after 2004 – a comparative analysis, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 2, 2016, 133-151.

 

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Vol. 2, No 1, 2016

CONTENTS

An analysis of capital structure determinants using the example of Pakistan’s cement sector companies listed on the Karachi stock exchange
Pervez Akhtar
Summary. This paper examines the capital structure determinants of Pakistan’s cement sector. The sample is based on 21 cement sector companies listed on the national stock exchange of Pakistan, the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). Debt/equity was taken as the dependent variable while independent variables were sales growth, profitability, financial cost, company size and tangibility. The overall results showed that financial cost and tangibility have positive relationship with the dependent variable. The three other variables growth, profitability and size are negatively correlated with leverage.
Key words: capital structure determinants, cement sector, KSE Pakistan
JEL: G30, G32
Pervez A., An analysis of capital structure determinants using the example of Pakistan’s cement sector companies listed on the Karachi stock exchange, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 5-12.

The influence of the operational programme innovative economy on individuals at risk of the digital divide and their participation in the electronic economy
Dariusz Chalimoniuk, Wojciech Pizło
Summary. The article examines the influence of the Operational Programme Innovative Economy on individuals whose participation in the electronic economy is threatened by the digital divide. The aim was to diagnose the digital divide in the context of the Information Society and to assess the level of digital divide. The empirical material was a survey on a sample of 1,487 questionnaires, 1,402 of which were ultimately accepted and analysed. The sample consisted of individuals benefiting from the Operational Programme Innovative Economy – Measure 8.3, Counteracting Digital divide – eInclusion. The article presents the essence of the information society by looking at the ideas of A. Toffler, D. Bell, M. Castells, M. Bangemann and T. Goban-Class, as well as the nature of the digital divide and e-Inclusion. It was found that, after joining the programme, beneficiaries significantly increased their use of Internet encyclopedias (from 52 to 75.1%), as well as participation in online courses. Respondents also showed an increase in the use of electronic banking (the number of respondents who opened up an online bank account rose from 31.8 to 49.9%).
Key words: information society, digital divide (digital divide), Operational Programme
JEL: D82, D83, L86
Chalimoniuk D., Pizło W., The influence of the operational programme innovative economy on individuals at risk of the digital divide and their participation in the electronic economy, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 13-23.

European Union policy for the socio-economic development of Africa
Izabela Dobrowolska
Summary. The main goal of the research was to show the European Union’s policy towards the regional development of the African continent. Recently, Africa has played a very important role on the international political arena and it has been empowered thanks to a plentiful supply of raw materials. The Communities’ help is based mainly on financial support and promotion of the Mediterranean area. Under the long-term cooperation between the two continents, many agreements, acts, and documents have been signed that would directly benefit the African states and indirectly help the entire European Union. While these documents and agreements cover a variety of matters, including environmental protection and human rights, they are diffuse and lack clear goals. The article relies on the relevant and current literature and a variety of statistics.
Key words: Africa, socio-economic development, the European Union, growth, prosperity
JEL: F63, I15, R11
Dobrowolska I., European Union policy for the socio-economic development of Africa, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 25-38.

Changes to the system of direct payments in the framework of the CAP reform for the years 2014–2020
Beata Kowalczyk
Summary. The article examines the changes that have been made to the direct payments system as a result of the most recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the years 2014–2020. It presents a model division of direct payment funds taken on by the countries and institutions of the EU, as well as changes to the national budgets and payments for 1 ha of agricultural land resulting from the redistribution and the ability to transfer funds between the CAP’s two pillars. It also presents solutions individual countries have used in choosing components available in the direct payment system and the division of national budgets allocated for their realisation. Results of the analysis show that the amount of direct payments in Poland has grown and that EU Member States have taken a variety of approaches to shaping the new national payment system.
Key words: direct payment system, direct payment budget and rates, CAP reform
JEL: O13, Q14, Q18
Kowalczyk B., Changes to the system of direct payments in the framework of the CAP reform for the years 2014–2020, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 39-51.

Customer transport preferences in services offered by the regional Olsztyn-Mazury airport in Szymany
Teresa Maria Łaguna, Michał Pawelec, Mateusz Drzazga, Mariusz Piórkowski, Anna Karpa
Summary. The aim of the study was to research, analyse and evaluate preferences concerning the services offered by the Regional Olsztyn-Mazury Airport in Szymany. A questionnaire was used as the research tool. The researched groups were students and employees of the Faculty of Economics of Warminsko-Mazurski University in Olsztyn. Number of 1,136 people, accounting for 38.77% of the student body and employees, responded. Thus they were statistically representative. The theoretical part of the paper discusses air transport in Poland. Definitions and features of the air transport market are presented, as are the relationship between supply and demand for passenger transport services. Information about Polish airports is presented along with development trends of the airports and the role of the regional airports. The empirical section presents the characteristics of Regional Olsztyn-Mazury Airport in Szymany. Questionnaire respondents were described by gender, age, occupation and income. The preferences of the interviewees concerning transport services offered by the airport are presented. The research shows that a significant numer of respondents would be unwilling to use the services, though there are factors that could encourage them (lower prices and more services). The article also examines demand for a list of frequently visited destinations, the reasons for travelling, and the need to adjust transport services to demand.
Key words: air transport, regional airport, air transport offer, additional services, studying preferences
JEL: R41, R42, Z32
Łaguna T.M., Pawelec M., Drzazga M., Piórkowski M., Karpa A., Customer transport preferences in services offered by the regional Olsztyn-Mazury airport in Szymany, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 53-65.

International competitive intelligence
Eugeniusz Michalski
Summary. Creating international competitive intelligence is the foundation of an enterprise’s entry and existence in a foreign market. Good preparation for international trade and the exchange of goods and services requires intelligence to be collected and examined. An enterprise needs to determine sources of competitive intelligence as well as set up foreign market entry strategies and activities under the existing conditions. For that, it must know the nature and scope of international competitive intelligence. To understand the factors shaping business activities, it should also study the competition between local and foreign enterprises in a foreign country, commercial organisations and risk in price fluctuations.
Key words: international trade, market, competition, commercial risk, price risk, international environment
JEL: M31
Michalski E., International competitive intelligence, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 67-78.

Regulatory determinants of US automotive market structure – an overview
Tomasz Mutrynowski
Summary. Governments have different measures at their disposal to influence the car market and thus achieve particular goals. Indirect interventionism, thanks to i.e. environmental regulation, should include social welfare. The American automotive market is more than 100 years old and has been the subject of various regulations that have shaped its structure. The Big Three of the US car industry (General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler) has changed over the last 50 years into The Big Six, which now includes Nissan, Honda, and Toyota. Analysis shows how fiscal and environmental policies influence particular sectors. This should be a revealing lesson for Polish automotive market regulators, especially when we need to deal with our own problems, such as the high average age of vehicles. The article also describes government activity in rescuing a key national economic sector. The financial crisis of 2008 showed that market mechanisms are not sufficient. Possible further losses related to the collapsing car industry forced the government to take control of the bankruptcy of GM and Chrysler.
Key words: American automotive market, interventionism, General Motors, Ford, Chrysler
JEL: O18, O38, O51
Mutrynowski T., Regulatory determinants of US automotive market structure – an overview, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 79-89.

Tax planning for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
Mariusz Nyk
Summary. This study points to the essence of appropriate differentiation among tax optimisation, tax savings, tax evasion and tax avoidance. It discusses criteria for choosing taxation forms for entities in the small and medium enterprise sector that do not have a legal personality (in other words, they are run by natural persons and pay personal income tax). It uses a case study based on actual economic data, taking into account applicable tax regulations. The study concludes with recommendations for entrepreneurs facing the dilemma of choosing the form of income taxation that is most appropriate for them, keeping in mind that tax planning is an element of the entity’s operating strategy.
Key words: tax optimisation, corporate sector, income tax
JEL: A10, A11, D00
Nyk M., Tax planning for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 91-98.

The impact of the global economic crisis on tourism in Cyprus
Katarzyna Podhorodecka
Summary. The Global economic crisis had an impact on tourism movement all over the world and especially on island territories. However, some island territories coped better with the effects of the crisis than others. Cyprus was one that saw tourists visits return to pre-crisis levels. The main aim of the article was to examine how Cyprus dealt with the global economic crisis. Three questions were here posed: First, is there a correlation between the changes in the GDP growth rate in the main markets that send tourists to Cyprus and the changes in the number of tourist arrivals from these markets? Did the actions taken by the National Tourism Administration and National Tourism Organisation, during the global economic crisis, increase the number of tourist visits to the island? Was there, during the period analysed, a correlation between foreign tourists arrivals and Cyprus’ GDP growth rate? The methods used in the article included statistical analysis as well as analysis of the literature and of strategic documents. A correlation between the changes in GDP from the main markets and the number of tourists visiting Cyprus from these markets was observed. Moreover the actions taken by the National Tourism Administration were only partly effective. The correlation between the changes in foreign tourist arrivals visiting Cyprus and the changes in Cyprus’ GDP was estimated as weak.
Key words: Cyprus, tourism economy, global economic crisis
JEL: L83, Z3, P25
Podhorodecka K., The impact of the global economic crisis on tourism in Cyprus, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 99-110.

Survival analysis of newly formed companies in the years 2009–2013
Hanna Soroka-Potrzebna
Summary. New companies are an opportunity to develop a region, increase its employment and GDP, and push a country’s economy forward. However, only some of them survive the barriers and vicissitudes the economy throws up before them. Analysis of data on Poland
allow us to assess whether the country’s economy enables newly formed companies to survive more than a year or two, or if tends to close the door on them before they can fully develop their activities. The article also shows the types of barriers that are most burdensome for newly formed companies, and what should be changed so that Polish enterprise can grow.
Key words: analysis, company, barrier
JEL: D21, D22
Soroka-Potrzebna H., Survival analysis of newly formed companies in the years 2009–2013, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 111-119.

Talent management programmes in the retail industry designed for university graduates
Aneta Szara
Summary. The article systematises issues concerning managerial skills development programmes dedicated to university graduates. Conclusions and recommendations have been collected to define key competencies and roles of people supporting participants as well as to establish a training scheme which allows graduates to move into their first managerial position. Recommendations are based on commentary from a case study done on a trade company analysed to define a development and conditioning programme for potential future managers. An important result was that such programmes reach out to young people preparing to hold a specialist or managerial position while also helping the organisation to provide good quality staff which realises the goals of the company. In other words, the analysis shows that the interests of both sides are consistent in career development. Moreover, the training programmes make it possible to realise the goals of the organisation.
Key words: development programmes, social competencies, manager competencies, trainings, mentoring, coaching
JEL: A11, A13, M50, M51, M53
Szara A., Talent management programmes in the retail industry designed for university graduates, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 121-133.

Relationship management in effective sports sponsorship
Zygmunt Waśkowski
Summary. Sponsoring on the sports market should be treated not as a promotional tool, but rather as the act of building a relationship network, which is created and developed as the partners cooperate. Such a point of view brings about new challenges connected to managing a sports organisation and requirements towards positioning sponsoring in the marketing communication strategy of the sponsor to emerge in the context of expected effectiveness of all activities. The cooperation between a sports organisation and a sponsor requires a processual approach and the implementation of rules favouring the process of building a partnership. The process of managing the relations in the relationship network should be analysed on the strategy level, and consider the business and the expectations of each partner. Because those expectations can differ, and there may be a relative lack of desire to cooperate, which is rather common on the Polish sports market, managing a relationship network is a challenge that is difficult to coordinate.
Key words: sports sponsoring, partnership relations, sports marketing
JEL: M31, M37
Waśkowski Z., Relationship management in effective sports sponsorship, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 135-144.

Age management as an opportunity to manage employees effectively in the light of demographic changes
Wojciech Wychowaniec
Summary. The goal of this article is to analyse the main threats and benefits that accompany the implementation of age management policy, a method that enables workers aged 45+ to be highly effective. The article presents a demographic prognosis on the changing structure of human capital in the labour market, which determines the growing importance of age management in enterprises. The text contains an analysis of the key threats arising from a lack of employer action on age management, and the benefits that may be gained from age management policy. The article also examined the inevitability of changes, which will appear in the age structure of Polish people in the labour market and in companies. These particular changes will determinate plenty of consequences, mostly for employers, because the new personnel will require a slightly different management approach. My intention is to adapt the work to the requirements of the scientific community, as well as to the needs of labour market experts and business practitioners. This is why the paradigm of radical humanism was chosen for the article.
Key words: age management, older workers, labour market
JEL: J14, M54
Wychowaniec W., Age management as an opportunity to manage employees effectively in the light of demographic changes, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 2, No 1, 2016, 145-153.

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Vol. 1, No 2, 2015 

CONTENTS

Outdoor markets as a regional food distribution channel in Poland between 2004 and 2013
Agnieszka Borowska
Summary. The article examines the importance of all-year and seasonal outdoor markets in the supply chain of regional food with PDO and PGI geographical indications. The author elaborates on changes to sales levels and the structure of outdoor markets in Poland in the years 2004–2013. She looks at the role outdoor markets play in the food supply chain, including the supply of regional food, especially agricultural products. She used consumer surveys as a primary source of information and data from Poland’s Central Statistical Office as a secondary source. The article concludes with reflections on the possibility of developing direct sales of regional foods in Poland’s outdoor markets in the context of consumer expectations.
Key words: domestic trade, direct sales, outdoor markets, regional products (PDO, PGI)
JEL: L66, M31, Q13
Borowska A., Outdoor markets as a regional food distribution channel in Poland between 2004 and 2013, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 5–14

Student preferences in the milk market
Piotr Bórawski, Mariola Grzybowska-Brzezińska
Summary. The article presents consumer preferences on the milk market. The research was conducted on a group of 98 students studying management at the Higher School of Economics and Social Sciences in Ostrołęka in 2014. The research showed that the respondents are young and they pay the greatest attention to: quality, brand and price. The respondents buy milk every day or several times a week. The students ranked ease of purchase, product quality, and wide choice of products as the most important factors in their decision to buy a particular milk from a particular vendor. They also indicated the most important information on a container was the percentage of fat and the expiration date.
Key words: preferences, consumer, milk market
JEL: D11, Q13
Bórawski P., Grzybowska-Brzezińska M., Student preferences in the milk market, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 15–23

Modern marketing strategies and organizational management in the era of globalization
Jacek Dziwulski, Wiesław Harasim
Summary. The article highlights the importance of components of intellectual capital in developing the organisation’s strategy. Information and modern technologies are the key to effective implementation of the marketing strategy of the company.
Key words: modern marketing strategies, intellectual capital, human capital
JEL: M00, M31
Dziwulski J., Harasim W., Modern marketing strategies and organizational management in the era of globalization, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 25–33

Marketing in Polish enterprises – Mazowieckie voivodship and beyond
Stanisław Kaczmarczyk
Summary. The analysis was based on data gained from scientific research done in 2010-2011 by the research team at the Marketing and Commerce Department at Nicolaus Copernicus University. The article describes and compares data on marketing conditions in Mazovia’s enterprises with data on Polish enterprises from the country as a whole. The main focus is a comparative analysis of chosen marketing activities and tools used by all the companies under consideration. The issues discussed are among the practical and theoretical aspects of contemporary marketing in Poland, especially in Mazowieckie Voivodship.
Key words: scientific research, marketing activities, Polish enterprises, enterprises in Mazowieckie Voivodship
JEL: M00, M31
Kaczmarczyk S., Marketing in Polish enterprises – Mazowieckie voivodship and beyond, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 35–45

Municipal waste management as a local government task – legal and organizational challenges
Anna Milewska, Karolina Bogucka
Summary. The article presents the organisational and legal conditions behind a municipal waste management system. The authors reviewed the subject literature on the functioning of local government and public services theory, focusing on municipal waste management. The paper also contains acts governing international and national law. They define, in the light of the central hierarchy of waste, the types and magnitude of necessary measures to be implemented in this area. They cover both requirements of quantity and quality.
Key words: municipality, municipal waste, environmental policy
JEL: H41, Q53, Q58
Milewska A., Bogucka K., Municipal waste management as a local government task – legal and organizational challenges, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 47–58

Determinants of tourism development in the Płock region
Halina Powęska, Mateusz Pawłowski
Summary. In the region of Płock, which includes the city and the surrounding county, the right conditions for tourism to develop are in place. This is important for the city, as an ever more vibrant economic center, as well as for the outlying rural areas, for which, next to agriculture, tourism could play an important role in socio-economic development. Given that, the article presents an analysis of the potential of tourist assets, the level of development of the tourist infrastructure and the region’s transport accessibility. The analysis reveals disparities in terms of the saturation of tourist assets and tourist infrastructure facilities. The city of Płock is much more developed than the rural areas. However, for the Płock region as a whole, the rural and urban areas are complementary. A factor that negatively affects the development of tourism in the region is the poorly developed transport infrastructure, which somewhat limits accessibility. Improving it is utmost importance if the region is to develop its tourism potential and other socio-economic areas.
Key words: Płock region, tourist attractions, tourist facilities
JEL: O18, R11, R12
Powęska H., Pawłowski M., The determinants of tourism development in the Płock region, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 59–68

Insights into the choice and decision making to study at a selected British university in the example of Polish students at the university global fair in Poland
Grażyna Rembielak
Summary. The paper investigates what motivates Polish students to study in the UK. The research is based on Polish students who attended the University Global Fair in Warsaw, Poland in 2015, and were inclined to study at one British university in north-west England. The paper examines these students’ motivation for their choice and investigates their decision-making process in this case. According to the literature, two main types of factors influence students’ decision-making process: push and pull factors. Push factors are created by the students’ country of origin, and are the ones that persuade them to move abroad. Pull factors, in turn, are those which operate within the host country and encourage students to consider it as their new residence Though the UK is one of the main destinations to study for Polish students, little research has been done on this particular group. That gap created the opportunity for the present investigation, for which I interviewed a group of students. Their answers indicate that, contrary to what a number of other studies have suggested, pull factors could be more important in influencing Polish students to study at British universities.
Key words: Polish students, UK Higher Education, study motivation, push factors, pull factors
JEL: M30, M31, D1, D81, Y10
Rembielak G., Insights into the choice and decision making to study at a selected British university in the example of Polish students at the university global fair in Poland, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 69–79

Teacher motivation to work in universities – the example of the National Defence University
Justyna Wyszecka
Summary. The aim of this article is to emphasize the importance of teacher motivation to work. I was interested in discovering key factors which contribute to teacher motivation to work at university, to doing research, to teaching and doing work of an organizational
nature among civilian, officers and reserve or retired officers. It was found very important due to influence of motivation on, e.g. quality of school education or science researches. In order to indicate the main motivating factors to work in the university I used the results of diagnostic survey which was done among a representative research sample at the National Defence University (NDU) in Warsaw.
Key words: motivation to work, university teachers’ motivation, motivating factors, military academic teacher
JEL: O15, I23
Wyszecka J., Teacher motivation to work in universities – the example of the National Defence University, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 2, 2015, 80–89

 

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Vol. 1, No 1, 2015 

CONTENTS

Factors affecting the consumer behaviours of Azerbaijani students
Rasim Abutalibov, Seymur M. Guliyev
Summary. Changes in consumer purchasing behaviours have become important, especially to companies operating on a global scale, which must understand the unique cultural qualities of each country and influencing factors of work. Every human being has different physiological, and biological needs. Although social factors have more influence on consumer needs in some countries, there are others in which religious, cultural and economic factors influence consumer needs as well. Hence, if companies wish to succeed, they have to evaluate consumer behaviours effectively and efficiently. There are a number of factors – globalization, national, religious, and family relations, to name a few – working to influence modern youths in the Republic of Azerbaijan. For this paper, we conducted a survey among 81 students at Qafqaz University, a prominent Azerbaijani private university, in order to identify their purchasing power and the factors that influence their decision-making.
Key words: customer, consumer behaviour, youth, organization, needs, Qafqaz University
JEL: D12, M31
Abutalibov R., Guliyev S.M., Factors affecting the consumer behaviours of Azerbaijani students, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 5–11

Evolution of theory of marketing – a micro- and a macroapproach
Jarosław Gołębiewski
Summary. In the early 20th century, the pioneers of marketing theory attempted to define the scope of content of the new academic discipline of marketing. They looked at such concepts as functions, institutions, goods and, later, interregional trade. These approaches were considered an integral part of marketing as a whole. The paradigm shift that took place in the 1950s gave rise to many other schools: marketing management, marketing systems, consumer behaviour, macromarketing, social exchange and the history of marketing. A result of the growing fragmentation of the discipline was the increasing independence of individual schools, which focused mainly on their own narrow perspectives, neither attaching importance to the achievements of the remaining ones nor caring to integrate them into a coherent whole. Further development of marketing theory will require research focused not only on the managerial perspective, but taking into account the broader social and economic context.
Key words: micromarketing, macromarketing, the development of marketing theory
JEL: M30, N30
Gołębiewski J., Evolution of theory of marketing – a micro- and a macroapproach, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 13-22

The interrelationships between a company’s marketing and finances
Wojciech Grzegorczyk
Summary. Marketing is responsible for the relationships between a company and its environment and corporate finance deals with the accumulation of financial resources and their allocation for the company’s purposes. The mutual interrelations between marketing and finance in an enterprise are present at the stage of marketing strategy development, in the course of its implementation and during the evaluation of its effects. All of the company’s marketing decisions have a financial aspect since they involve certain costs and bring in profits in the form of the company’s revenue. To gain a permanent competitive advantage, enterprises must foster cooperation between controlling/management accounting and marketing specialists. This cooperation should involve providing the marketing department with information acquired by analysing the financial reports (balance sheets, profit and loss accounts, cash flow statements) of the company itself and its competitors.
Key words: marketing, controlling, marketing investments
JEL: M31, L21, L25
Grzegorczyk W., The interrelationships between a company’s marketing and finances, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 23-31

(Not) using private labels – the dilemma of independent aftermarket companies in Poland
Katarzyna Hys, Alfred Franke
Summary. In the present study, we discuss the role of private label (PL) in the context of the development of the independent automotive market (IAM) in Poland. We also seek to define a structural model for PLs, with regard to the IAM market in Poland. The article presents the results of the analysis of the literature on the subject as well as of interactive pilot research conducted among 80% of the IAM market in Poland. The research was conducted on 28 November 2013, during the 8th conference organised by the Association of Automotive Parts Distributors and Producers in Warsaw. In Poland, private labels are used most of all by trading companies. Independent aftermarket companies represent the sector of production and distribution. This difference is the result of decisions concerning the implementation of private labels in the automotive industry. Although the notion of private labels is known in the automotive industry there are barriers to introducing them nationally. The article presents the challenges and limitations of developing PL among Polish IAM entrepreneurs and proposes a PL strategy model. The overview and research results will allow IAM decision-makers to analyse the possibilities and threats that implementing private labels into their structures carries. As far as we know, the analysis and research presented here are among the first empirical explorations aimed at filling the IAM knowledge gap. Moreover, there is no comparative international research in this field, suggesting the need for further in-depth research. The analysis and research material makes the paper an original contribution to the development in this field.
Key words: Independent Automotive Aftermarket (IAM), SDCM in Poland, private label (PL), national brand (NB) – called in the automotive business “established brands”, possibilities and barriers of development
JEL: L20, M14
Hys K., Franke A., (Not) using private labels – the dilemma of independent aftermarket companies in Poland , Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 33-51

On motivation and enterprise education – ensuring manageable goals and objectives
Timothy Isle, Andre M. Mostert
Summary. There is growing recognition that the standard approach to motivation, referred to as Motivation 2.0 is not necessary adequate for assessing the contemporary drivers for students and budding entrepreneurs. Some have argued that the concept of goal setting may act as much as an inhibitor as a motivator. This perspective on goal setting can, prima facie, be very relevant to the entrepreneurial educator. In this research exercise the contemporary thinking on motivation and motivational approached will be explored and applied to the development of entrepreneurial education curriculum development and pedagogic structures. Those entrusted with the nurturing and development of any innate entrepreneurial potential must ensure that the teaching and learning environment is dynamic and as individualized as possible. Key to any individualized delivery mechanism is a coherent understanding of motivational factors and activities. Effective curriculum development for entrepreneurial training demands an integrated understanding of motivators which must be driven extracurricular, while enterprise education continues to become embedded in educational delivery structures. This paper addresses these demands and acts as a primer for how this could be achieved.
Key words: motivation, entrepreneurial, student enterprise, enterprise education, curriculum development, utility maximization, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, risk taking, managerial ability, business ideas, enterprise education outcomes
JEL: I21, I23
Isle T., Mostert A.M., On motivation and enterprise education – ensuring manageable goals and objectives, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 53–63

Attributes of satisfaction with foodshops among older shoppers
Dagmar Lesakova
Summary. The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that can be used to develop a clear and conceptually consistent, context-specific system for assessing older people’s satisfaction with the experience of food shopping. In particular, I suggest a method for identifying their satisfaction level with the shopping experience and discuss areas of satisfaction and perceived dissatisfaction in this segment of the population. I pose the question: “What are the areas in which seniors perceive dissatisfaction when shopping for foodstuffs?”. I also explore the influence of age and health condition on satisfaction levels. To identify satisfaction, 12 attributes of the internal and external store environments were reviewed by a sample of senior respondents, who were asked to rate the attributes for the food store where they regularly/most frequently shop. While the results indicate a general trend towards satisfaction, areas of dissatisfaction do exist, including with the aspects of price policy, internal store environment and staff courtesy. This suggests that retail managers should pay more attention to seniors, as not all older consumers perceive their needs to be satisfactorily met.
Key words: satisfaction, retail store, seniors, shopping experience
JEL: D12, J14
Lesakova D., Attributes of satisfaction with foodshops among older shoppers, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 65–73

The absorption and main effects of EU funding for investments in transport in Poland under Operational Programmes 2007–2013(2015)
Joanna Rakowska
Summary. The aim of the paper is to define the main effects, value and share of EU funding allocated in Poland under Operational Programmes 2007–2013(2015) in the transport infrastructure projects total, by different categories of projects as well as by individual operational programmes. Under all Operational Programmes 2007–2013 beneficiaries in Poland signed 2774 contracts for transportation infrastructure projects of a total value of 167.2 billion PLN, of which 98.5 billion PLN had come from EU structural funds, as of 31 December, 2014. Although 2774 transportation infrastructure projects made up only 2.7% of all contracts, they enabled the absorption of nearly 35% of total EU funding allocated to Poland in 2007–2013 and made up a significant share of 33% of the total value of all projects carried out in Poland under the 2007–2013 OPs.
Key words: Operational Programmes 2007–2013, structural funds, transport infrastructure, Poland
JEL: R42, G38
Rakowska J., The absorption and main effects of EU funding for investments in transport in Poland under Operational Programmes 2007–2013(2015), Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 75–83

An interdisciplinary approach to marketing
Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka
Summary. This article looks at the issue of the interdisciplinary approach to marketing. The purpose of this study is to present the contribution of various sciences to the creation and emergence of marketing as an independent discipline of science. The subsequent parts of this study are devoted to the relationship between marketing and related sciences. In addition, this paper illustrates a pioneering approach to marketing and the directions of its evolution, including the emergence of the extended concept of marketing.
Key words: the concept of “marketing”, interdisciplinary approach to marketing, market mechanism
JEL: A12, M31
Szwacka-Mokrzycka J., An interdisciplinary approach to marketing, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 85–92

Factors influencing quality of life and life satisfaction in Hungary
Ágnes Urbánné Treutz
Summary. I take a good look at the happiness and the the factors that influence quality of life, such as the divorce rate, unemployment, trust, participation in civil society organisations, assessments of the quality of governance, and religion. I examine these factors in the Hungarian population, as a potential domestic tourist-target group. I also look at how happiness is defined and the happiness-generating characteristics of traveling in tourism. Overall, by means of my work I gain an overview of the psychological factors behind the decision-making of one target group doing place marketing.
Key words: place markerting, tourism, happiness, quality of life, society
JEL: D12, J12, N3
Treutz Urbánné Á., Factors influencing quality of life and life satisfaction in Hungary, Annals of Marketing Management & Economics Vol. 1, No 1, 2015, 93–107

 

 

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